Spot tallace-tallace na babban tutiya mai rufi galvanized karfe bututu
Galvanized karfe bututu ne zuwa kashi sanyi galvanized karfe bututu da zafi-tsoma galvanized karfe bututu. An hana bututun karfe mai sanyi, sannan kuma jihar ta bukaci a yi amfani da shi na wani dan lokaci. A shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970, kasashen da suka ci gaba a duniya sun fara samar da sabbin bututun, kuma an hana bututun da aka yi amfani da su daya bayan daya. Ma'aikatar gine-gine ta kasar Sin da wasu ma'aikatu da kwamitoci 4 sun bayyana karara cewa, an haramta amfani da bututun da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin bututun samar da ruwa tun daga shekarar 2000. Ba kasafai ake amfani da bututun da ba safai a cikin bututun ruwan sanyi a cikin sabbin al'ummomi, kuma ana amfani da bututun galvanized a bututun ruwan zafi. a wasu al'umma. Hot tsoma galvanized karfe bututu ana amfani da ko'ina a wuta fada, wutar lantarki da expressway. Hot tsoma galvanized karfe bututu ana amfani da ko'ina a yi, inji, kwal ma'adinai, sinadaran masana'antu, wutar lantarki, Railway motocin, mota masana'antu, manyan tituna, gadoji, kwantena, wasanni wuraren, noma injin, man fetur inji, bincike inji da sauran masana'antu masana'antu.
Welded karfe bututu tare da zafi-tsoma ko electro galvanized shafi a saman galvanized karfe bututu. Galvanizing na iya ƙara juriya na lalata bututun ƙarfe kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar sabis. Galvanized bututu ana amfani da ko'ina. Baya ga amfani da shi a matsayin bututun mai don watsa ruwa, iskar gas, mai da sauran magudanan ruwa na gabaɗaya, ana kuma amfani da shi azaman bututun rijiyar mai da bututun watsa mai a masana'antar man fetur, musamman a wuraren mai na teku, hita mai, na'urar sanyaya. da gawayi distillation man wanki musayar na sinadaran coking kayan aiki, trestle bututu tari, goyon bayan frame bututu na mine rami, da dai sauransu Hot tsoma galvanized bututu ne don yin narkakkar karfe amsa da baƙin ƙarfe matrix don samar da gami Layer, don haka kamar yadda hada da matrix da shafi. . Hot tsoma galvanizing shine a fara fara tsinke bututun karfe. Don cire baƙin ƙarfe oxide a saman bututun ƙarfe, bayan an dasa shi, ana tsabtace shi a cikin ammonium chloride ko zinc chloride aqueous solution ko ammonium chloride da zinc chloride gauraye mai ruwa mai ruwa, sannan a aika zuwa tanki mai zafi tsoma galvanizing. Hot tsoma galvanizing yana da abũbuwan amfãni na uniform shafi, karfi mannewa da kuma dogon sabis rayuwa. Matrix na zafi-tsoma galvanized karfe bututu yana da hadaddun jiki da sinadaran halayen tare da narkakkar plating bayani don samar da wani lalata-resistant tutiya ferroalloy Layer tare da m tsari. An haɗa Layer alloy tare da tsantsar tutiya mai tsafta da matrix bututun ƙarfe, don haka yana da juriya mai ƙarfi. Cold galvanized bututu ne electro galvanized. Adadin galvanized kadan ne, kawai 10-50g / m2. Juriyar lalatarsa ya bambanta da na bututun galvanized mai zafi. Domin tabbatar da inganci, yawancin masana'antun bututu na galvanized na yau da kullun ba sa amfani da electro galvanizing (sanyi plating). Waɗannan ƙananan kamfanoni masu ƙananan sikelin da tsofaffin kayan aiki suna amfani da galvanizing electro galvanizing, ba shakka, farashin su yana da arha. Ma'aikatar gine-gine ta sanar a hukumance cewa za a kawar da bututu masu sanyi tare da fasahar baya kuma ba za a yi amfani da su azaman bututun ruwa da iskar gas ba. Ƙarfe na galvanized na sanyi galvanized karfe bututu ne electroplating Layer, da kuma zinc Layer aka rabu da karfe bututu substrate. Tushen zinc yana da bakin ciki, kuma an haɗe Layer na zinc kawai zuwa matrix na bututun ƙarfe, wanda ke da sauƙin faɗuwa. Saboda haka, juriya na lalata ba shi da kyau. A cikin sababbin gidaje, an hana amfani da bututun ƙarfe na galvanized sanyi a matsayin bututun samar da ruwa.
Kauri na bango (mm): 2.0, 2.5, 2.8, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.5.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga (c): 1.064, 1.051, 1.045, 1.040, 1.036, 1.034, 1.032, 1.028.
Lura: kayan aikin injiniya na karfe shine mahimman bayanai don tabbatar da aikin sabis na ƙarshe (kayan aikin injiniya) na karfe, wanda ya dogara da tsarin sinadarai da tsarin kula da zafi na karfe. A cikin ma'auni na bututun ƙarfe, bisa ga buƙatun sabis daban-daban, ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin (ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi ko ma'aunin yawan amfanin ƙasa, elongation), ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi da masu amfani ke buƙata.
Girman karfe: q215a; Q215B; Q235A; Q235B.
Ƙimar gwajin gwaji / MPA: d10.2-168.3mm shine 3Mpa; D177.8-323.9mm shine 5MPa
Ma'auni na ƙasa da ma'auni na galvanized bututu
GB / t3091-2015 welded karfe bututu don low matsa lamba ruwa sufuri
Madaidaicin bututun welded karfe (GB / t13793-2016)
GB / t21835-2008 welded karfe bututu girma da nauyi a kowace naúrar tsawon
Yawan amfani da bututun galvanized shine cewa bututun ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi don iskar gas da dumama shi ma bututun galvanized ne. A matsayin bututun ruwa, bututun galvanized yana samar da tsatsa mai yawa a cikin bututu bayan shekaru da yawa na amfani. Ruwan rawaya ba wai kawai yana ƙazantar da kayan aikin tsafta ba, har ma da gauraye da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kiwo a bangon ciki mara kyau. Lalata yana haifar da babban abun ciki na karafa masu nauyi a cikin ruwa kuma yana yin illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam sosai.
Tsarin tafiyar shine kamar haka: baƙar fata - wankin alkali - wankan ruwa - pickling acid - kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta - Leaching additives - bushewa - zafi tsoma galvanizing - Busawa na waje - hurawa na ciki - sanyaya iska - sanyaya ruwa - wucewa - ruwa kurkura - Dubawa - aunawa - warehousing.
1. Brand da sinadaran abun da ke ciki
A sa da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na karfe ga galvanized karfe bututu zai bi da sa da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na karfe for baki bututu kayyade a GB / t3091.
2. Hanyar sarrafawa
Hanyar masana'anta na bututu baƙar fata (welding tanderu ko waldi na lantarki) za a zaɓa ta mai ƙira. Za a ɗauki hanyar galvanizing mai zafi don yin galvanizing.
3. Thread da bututu haɗin gwiwa
(a) Don bututun ƙarfe na galvanized da aka kawo tare da zaren, za a juya zaren bayan galvanizing. Zaren ya dace da Yb 822.
(b) Rukunin bututun ƙarfe zai dace da Yb 238; Malleable simintin gyare-gyaren bututun ƙarfe zai dace da Yb 230.
4. Mechanical Properties na inji Properties na karfe bututu kafin galvanizing zai bi da tanadi na GB 3091.
5. Uniformity na galvanized shafi galvanized karfe bututu za a gwada domin uniformity na galvanized shafi. Samfurin bututun ƙarfe za a ci gaba da nutsar da shi a cikin bayani na jan karfe sulfate na tsawon sau 5 kuma kada ya juya ja (launi na jan karfe).
6. Cold lankwasawa gwajin: galvanized karfe bututu tare da maras muhimmanci diamita ba fiye da 50mm zai zama batun sanyi lankwasawa gwajin. Kwanin lankwasawa shine 90 °, kuma radius na lanƙwasawa shine sau 8 na diamita na waje. A lokacin gwajin ba tare da filler ba, za a sanya weld na samfurin a waje ko na sama na jagorar lanƙwasa. Bayan gwajin, samfurin ba zai kasance ba tare da fasa ba da spalling na zinc Layer.
7. Gwajin Hydrostatic za a gudanar da gwajin hydrostatic a cikin bututun baƙar fata, ko ana iya amfani da gano lahani na yanzu maimakon gwajin hydrostatic. Matsakaicin gwajin gwajin ko girman samfurin kwatancen don gano kuskuren eddy na yanzu zai bi ka'idodin GB 3092. Kayan aikin injiniya na ƙarfe yana da mahimman bayanai don tabbatar da aikin sabis na ƙarshe (kayan injin) na ƙarfe,
① Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (σ b): Matsakaicin ƙarfin (FB) wanda samfurin ya ɗauka a lokacin tashin hankali, rarraba ta asali na yanki na giciye (don haka) na samfurin / mm2 (MPA). Yana wakiltar iyakar ƙarfin kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da gazawar a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali. Inda: FB -- iyakar ƙarfin da samfurin ke ɗauka lokacin da ya karye, n (Newton); Don haka -- asalin yanki na yanki na samfurin, mm2.
② Matsayin Haɓakawa (σ s): don kayan ƙarfe tare da abubuwan da suka faru na yawan amfanin ƙasa, damuwa lokacin da samfurin zai iya ci gaba da haɓakawa ba tare da karuwa ba (ci gaba da ci gaba) damuwa a lokacin aikin haɓakawa, wanda ake kira ma'anar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Idan damuwa ya ragu, za a bambanta maki na sama da na ƙasa. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine n/mm2 (MPA). Ma'anar yawan amfanin ƙasa (σ Su): matsakaicin matsananciyar damuwa kafin yawan damuwa na samfurin ya ragu a karon farko; Ƙananan ma'auni (σ SL): ƙananan damuwa a cikin matakin yawan amfanin ƙasa lokacin da ba a yi la'akari da tasirin farko nan take ba. Inda: FS - yawan damuwa (m) na samfurin a lokacin tashin hankali, n (Newton) don haka - ainihin yanki na giciye na samfurin, mm2.
③ Tsawaitawa bayan karaya: ( σ) A cikin gwajin gwaji, yawan adadin tsawon ya karu da tsayin ma'auni na samfurin bayan karya zuwa tsawon ma'auni na asali ana kiransa elongation. tare da σ Bayyana a cikin%. Inda: L1 - tsawon ma'auni bayan karya samfurin, mm; L0 -- tsawon ma'aunin asali na samfurin, mm.
④ Rage yanki: (ψ) A cikin gwajin gwaji, adadin da ke tsakanin matsakaicin matsakaicin raguwa na yanki a cikin raguwar diamita da kuma asalin yanki na asali bayan an karya samfurin ana kiransa raguwar yanki. tare da ψ Bayyana a cikin%. Inda: S0 -- asalin yanki na yanki na samfurin, mm2; S1 -- ƙaramar yanki na giciye a raguwar diamita bayan karya samfurin, mm2.
⑤ Hardness index: ikon kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da indentation na abubuwa masu wuya ana kiransa taurin. Dangane da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban da iyakokin aikace-aikacen, za a iya raba taurin zuwa taurin Brinell, taurin Rockwell, taurin Vickers, taurin bakin teku, microhardness da taurin zafin jiki. Brinell, Rockwell da Vickers taurin yawanci ana amfani dashi don bututu.
Taurin Brinell (HB): danna ƙwallon karfe ko ƙwallon siminti mai siminti tare da takamaiman diamita cikin saman samfurin tare da ƙayyadadden ƙarfin gwaji (f), cire ƙarfin gwajin bayan ƙayyadadden lokacin riƙewa, kuma auna diamita na shigarwa (L) akan. saman samfurin. Lambar taurin Brinell ita ce adadin da aka samu ta hanyar rarraba ƙarfin gwajin ta wurin sararin samaniya na indentation. An bayyana a cikin HBS (ƙwallon ƙarfe), naúrar: n / mm2 (MPA).
(1) Carbon; Mafi girman abun cikin carbon, mafi girman taurin karfe, amma mafi munin filastik da taurinsa
(2) Sulfur; Yana da illa mai cutarwa a cikin ƙarfe. Karfe tare da babban abun ciki na sulfur yana da sauƙi don haɓakawa yayin sarrafa matsa lamba a babban zafin jiki, wanda yawanci ake kira thermal embrittlement.
(3) Phosphorus; Zai iya rage yawan filastik da taurin karfe, musamman a ƙananan zafin jiki. Ana kiran wannan lamarin sanyi brittleness. A cikin ƙarfe mai inganci, sulfur da phosphorus yakamata a sarrafa su sosai. A gefe guda kuma, ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon yana ƙunshi babban sulfur da phosphorus, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe yanke, wanda ke da amfani don inganta aikin karfe.
(4) Manganese; Zai iya inganta ƙarfin ƙarfe, raunana da kawar da mummunan tasirin sulfur, da inganta ƙarfin ƙarfe. High gami karfe (high manganese karfe) tare da babban manganese abun ciki yana da kyau lalacewa juriya da sauran jiki Properties
(5) Siliki; Zai iya inganta taurin karfe, amma filastik da taurin suna raguwa. Ƙarfe na lantarki ya ƙunshi wani adadin siliki, wanda zai iya inganta halayen magnetic mai laushi
(6) Tungsten; Zai iya inganta taurin ja da ƙarfin zafi na karfe, da inganta juriya na lalacewa na karfe
(7) Chromium; Yana iya inganta hardenability da sa juriya na karfe, da kuma inganta lalata juriya da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya na karfe
Don inganta juriya na lalata bututun ƙarfe, babban bututun ƙarfe (baƙar fata) yana galvanized. Galvanized karfe bututu ne zuwa kashi zafi-tsoma galvanizing da lantarki karfe tutiya. Zazzage-zafi na galvanizing Layer yana da kauri kuma farashin galvanizing na lantarki yana da ƙasa, don haka akwai bututun ƙarfe na galvanized.
