T91 high matsa lamba karfe bututu ingancin tabbaci
Karfe T91 sabon nau'in karfe ne mai jure zafi da dakin gwaje-gwajen giwar giwa ta kasa ta Amurka da dakin gwaje-gwajen kayan aikin karfe na kamfanin injiniyan konewa na Amurka. A kan tushen karfe 9Cr1MoV, yana rage abubuwan da ke cikin carbon, yana ƙayyadadden abun ciki na sulfur da phosphorus, kuma yana ƙara ƙaramin adadin vanadium da niobium don haɗawa.
The karfe sa na T91 m karfe bututu m T91 karfe ne x10crmovnnb91 a Jamus, hcm95 a Japan da kuma tuz10cdvnb0901 a Faransa.
Abubuwan abun ciki
S≤0.01
Si 0.20-0.50
Kr 8.00-9.50
Mo 0.85-1.05
V 0.18-0.25
Nb 0.06-0.10
N 0.03-0.07
Ni ≤0.40
Kowane alloy kashi a cikin T91 Karfe taka rawa da m bayani karfafawa, watsawa ƙarfafawa da inganta hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da lalata juriya na karfe. Takamammen bincike shine kamar haka.
①Carbon shine mafi bayyananne kashi na ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙarfe. Tare da karuwar abun ciki na carbon, ƙarfin ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa kuma filastik da taurin yana raguwa. Don martensitic karfe kamar T91, karuwa na carbon abun ciki zai hanzarta da spheroidization da aggregation na carbide, hanzarta redistribution na gami abubuwa da rage weldability, lalata juriya da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya na karfe. Sabili da haka, karfe mai jure zafi gabaɗaya yana son rage abun cikin carbon, Koyaya, idan abun cikin carbon yayi ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙarfin ƙarfe zai ragu. Idan aka kwatanta da 12Cr1MoV karfe, da carbon abun ciki na T91 karfe an rage da 20%, wanda aka ƙaddara ta cikakken la'akari da tasirin abubuwan da ke sama.
②T91 karfe yana dauke da sinadarin nitrogen, kuma rawar da nitrogen ke nunawa ta fuska biyu. A gefe guda, yana taka rawar ƙarfafa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Solubility na nitrogen a cikin karfe a dakin da zafin jiki kadan ne. A kan aiwatar da walda dumama da kuma post weld zafi magani, VN m bayani da hazo tsari zai faru nasara a cikin post weld zafi shafi yankin na T91 Karfe: da austenitic tsarin kafa a cikin zafi shafi yankin a lokacin waldi dumama qara nitrogen abun ciki saboda da rushewar VN, sa'an nan kuma digiri na supersaturation a cikin al'ada zafin jiki tsarin ƙara, A cikin m post weld zafi magani, akwai lafiya VN hazo, wanda qara da microstructure kwanciyar hankali da kuma inganta dawwamammen ƙarfi na zafi shafi yankin. A gefe guda kuma, ƙarfe na T91 shima ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin A1. Nitrogen zai iya samar da A1N da shi. An narkar da A1N a cikin matrix kawai lokacin da yake sama da 1100 ℃ kuma yana sake haɓakawa a ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda zai iya yin tasiri mai ƙarfi na watsawa.
③Ƙara chromium shine yafi don inganta juriya na iskar shaka da juriya na lalata na karfe mai jure zafi. Lokacin da abun ciki na chromium ya kasance ƙasa da 5%, yana fara oxidize da ƙarfi a 600 ℃, yayin da abun ciki na chromium ya kai 5%, yana da juriya mai kyau. 12Cr1MoV karfe yana da kyau hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya a kasa 580 ℃, da kuma lalata zurfin ne 0.05 mm / A. a 600 ℃, da yi fara deteriorate, da lalata zurfin ne 0.13 mm / A. A chromium abun ciki na T91 za a iya ƙara zuwa game da 9% kuma zafin sabis na iya kaiwa 650 ℃. Babban ma'auni shine narkar da ƙarin chromium a cikin matrix.
④Vanadium da niobium abubuwa ne masu ƙarfi na carbide. Bayan haka, za su iya samar da lafiya da kuma barga gami carbides tare da carbon, wanda yana da karfi watsawa ƙarfafa sakamako.
⑤ Molybdenum an ƙara shi ne don haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe kuma yana taka rawar ƙarfafa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Maganin zafi na ƙarshe na T91 shine daidaitawa + yanayin zafi mai zafi. A normalizing zazzabi ne 1040 ℃, da rike lokaci ba kasa da 10 min, da tempering zafin jiki ne 730 ~ 780 ℃, da kuma riƙe lokaci ba kasa da 1 h. A microstructure bayan karshe zafi magani ne tempered martensite.
Tensile ƙarfi na T91 karfe a dakin zafin jiki ≥ 585 MPa, yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi a dakin zafin jiki ≥ 415 MPa, taurin ≤ 250 Hb, elongation (misali madauwari samfurin tare da 50 mm ma'auni nesa) ≥ 20%, halatta danniya darajar [σ] 650 ℃ 30 MPa.
Bisa ga tsarin daidaitaccen carbon da ƙungiyar al'ummar walda ta duniya ta ba da shawarar, daidai da carbon T91 shine.
Ana iya ganin cewa T91 yana da ƙarancin walƙiya.
T91 karfe yana da babban hali na tsagewar sanyi kuma yana da saurin tsagewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Don haka, haɗin haɗin welded dole ne a huce cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan walda. A microstructure na T91 bayan waldi ne farantin da tsiri martensite, wanda za a iya canza zuwa tempered martensite bayan tempering, da kaddarorin sun fi farantin da tsiri martensite. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa, tasirin yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma ƙarfe na weld yana da sauƙin tsufa da haɓakawa; Idan zafin zafin ya yi yawa (wuce layin AC1), haɗin gwiwa na iya sake inganta haɗin gwiwa kuma ya sake taurare a cikin tsarin sanyaya na gaba. A lokaci guda, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya a cikin wannan takarda, ya kamata a yi la'akari da tasirin haɗin gwiwa mai laushi a cikin ƙaddarar zafin jiki. Gabaɗaya magana, zafin jiki na T91 shine 730 ~ 780 ℃.
Matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na T91 bayan waldawa ba zai zama ƙasa da 1 h ba, don tabbatar da cikakken canji na tsarin sa zuwa yanayin martensite.
Domin rage saura danniya na T91 karfe welded hadin gwiwa, da sanyaya kudi dole ne a sarrafa kasa da 5 ℃ / min. Ana iya nuna tsarin walda na T91 karfe a hoto 3.
Preheat 200 ~ 250 ℃; ② Welding, interlayer zafin jiki 200 ~ 300 ℃; ③ Cooling bayan waldawa, tare da saurin 80 ~ 100 ℃ / h; ④ 100 ~ 150 ℃ na 1 h; ⑤ Tempering a 730 ~ 780 ℃ na 1 h; ⑥ Cool a ƙimar da bai wuce 5 ℃ / min ba.
T91 Karfe ya dogara ne akan ka'idar haɗawa, musamman ƙara ƙaramin adadin abubuwan gano abubuwa kamar niobium da vanadium. Ƙarfin zafinsa da juriya na iskar shaka suna inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da karfe 12 cr1mov, amma aikin waldansa ba shi da kyau.
Gwajin fil ɗin ya nuna cewa ƙarfe na T91 yana da babban hali na fashewar sanyi. Zabar preheating 200 ~ 250 ℃ da interlayer zafin jiki 200 ~ 300 ℃ iya yadda ya kamata hana sanyi fashewa.
T91 dole ne a sanyaya zuwa 100 ~ 150 ℃ for 1 h kafin post weld zafi magani; Tempering zafin jiki 730 ~ 780 ℃, rike lokaci ba kasa da 1 h.
An yi amfani da tsarin walda na sama a kan masana'antu da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 200 da MW 300, tare da sakamako mai gamsarwa da fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
